Shell comparison

curi dari http://www.schacherer.de/frank/tech/tools/shells.html

Operation	Windows	Unix csh-based (csh, tcsh)
initialisation	NT: set to the values in "System Properties/Environment", DOS: set in autoexec.bat	set in /usr/local/env/.cshrc (sometimes /etc/.cshrc), followd by ~user/.login if login shell.
I/O redirection	cmd out-file-new cmd >>out-file-append stderr cannot be redirected, always goes to screen.	dito.
filename expansion	? single char, * any number of any (including the dot at the beginning of filenames). eg dir test*.doc will find all files starting with test and the extention doc. dir test* and dir test*.* are the same.	dito, but * doesn't match a dot when it's the first char in a filename (as such files are used as system ressources.). Mask meta-chars with \.
whitespace protection	cmd "with blank"	cmd 'with blank'
Process piping	with cmd1 | cmd2	dito
Version	winver	showrev
environment setting	set [var=[string]] sets env vars. Note: no space behind =. Without var, all vars are shown on stdout. set vars locally for a skript between setlocal and endlocal . each setlocal must be freed by the endlocal before skript end.	set var = text with mandatory spaces. setenv name text sets and exports variable. set ! (bangs) in text are replaced by incremental numbers. array vars are defined as set var = ( foo bar baz )
path	path=newpath;%path%	set path = ( /bin /usr/bin /usr/local/bin ) path is defined as an arry.
directory listing	dir	ls
help option	command /h	man command or command --help
file identity check	comp	cmp
file difference comparison	comp f1 f2 for same sized file (default binary) fc f1 f2for text files.	cmp
file length
grepping	find findstr with regexen	grep
timing
size check
view users		who -al, whoami, groups
view host	hostname	hostname, showrev
view user on remote host	finger usrname@hostname	dito
processes		ps -elf
jobs		jobs
rights		chown, chgrp
file attribs		chmod
scheduled execution	at	cron
Sortieren	sort	sort
Output paging	more use pipeing to page output from other programs, file redir and name expansion to page contents of files.	more
html downloading	wget	wget
free memory	mem
show text file contents	type f1 [f2 ..]	cat
route tracing	tracert	traceroute
internet IP-name lookup	nslookup	nslookup
show net connections	netstat
ping if computer is on network	ping	ping
printing	lpr	lp
prompt style	prompt $p$g$p = pfad, $g = >	# superuser, % normal, set prompt = "`hostname`:` pwd`>"
variables	args for batches are stored in %1 to %9. environment var contents are accessed like this: %VARNAME% Expansion works here too, i.e %* means a list of all %1 to %9.	$var for normal vars or full arrays, $array[2-4] for array slices, $#array number of elements, $?var if var is defined 1, else 0.
executable search path	path without param shows path. entries separated by ;(semicolon). append old path with path newdir;%path%

Mari belajar window batch programs

filename	Batch files end with .BAT there is no magical string like in Un*x batch file commands are case insensitive
comments	rem at line start is a comment line
in/output redirection	cmd out-file-new cmd >>out-file-append stderr cannot be redirected, always goes to screen.
parameters	%1 to %9 arguments number 1 to 9 given to the batch file %* all arguments given to the batch file (max. 9)
environment variables	%varname%
conditions	if [not] "string1" == "string2" command Enclose vars and strings in "". Idiom for empty check: if "%var%" == "" command ("" needed for empty string). if [not] exist filename command if errorlevel 1 would test for any abnormal exit. errorlevel is the number the last program executed returned. The condition is true if the number is >= the errorlevel. Normal exit returns 0.
logical operators	&&execute only when last prog returned ok ||execute only when last prog returned error
skript loops	for %% var in ( group ) do command [params] var wird zu jedem in group angegebenen dateinamen, eg for %%f in (*.*) do type %%f
skript jumps	goto mark The target mark itself has to be prepended with : so NT can skip it during execution. :mark
skript chaining	call blah.bat calls another batch like a subroutine, i.e. the current batch's execution is resumed after the other one ends. Recursion possible.
skript messages	echo [on|off][message] @ at line start suppress showing of any single line @echo off showing of any line (including this). Echo with message prints message.
getting user input for skripts	pause[message] halts until any key pressed.
...	shift shifts the params in a batch one down, e.g. %9 to %8. %0 is lost and if there were more than 10 params, the current number 11 becomes %9. Example loop with shift :next if "%0" == "" goto end type %0 shift goto next :end curi dari http://www.schacherer.de/frank/tech/tools/batch.html

Forgot Windows Administrator password??

find out the solution here...
http://home.eunet.no/~pnordahl/ntpasswd/